老年黄斑病变 Age-related macular degeneration（AMD）

老年黄斑病变是指年龄老化而逐渐丧失中央视力的疾病, 一种慢性不可逆的眼睛疾病。老年黄斑病变通常会影响50岁以上的人。它会导致黄斑中的细胞受损并停止有效运作而造成的视力丧失。

老年黄斑病变对我的视力有何影响？

通常，一开始老年黄斑病变只影响一只眼睛。在早期阶段，您可能没有注意到任何症状。

老年黄斑病变的症状

  • 视觉畸变，如直线好像变弯曲
  • 单眼或双眼中心视力减退
  • 阅读或做近距离工作时需要更强的光线
  • 难以适应较暗的光线
  • 看印刷字体时视力模糊
  • 色彩亮度不强烈
  • 难以识别人脸

 

老年黄斑病变有两种形态，湿性老年黄斑病变和干性老年黄斑病变。

干性型老年黄斑病变

干性型老年黄斑病变是比较常见的形式。它是因视网膜黄斑部位的光明感细胞随着年龄老化和分解而导致患者中心视力逐渐缓慢地丧失。

湿性型老年黄斑病变

湿性型老年黄斑病变是黄斑区域下方血管异常发育的结果。它们易碎且容易流血，导致体液或蛋白质渗漏并形成疤痕。湿性型老年黄斑病变是可以使用各种形式的治疗方法，但视力丧失通常是严重且永久的。

如何治疗老年黄斑病变？

如果及早发现年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD），则有更好的治疗机会。由于无法治愈老年黄斑病变，因此早期检测很重要。如您有老年黄斑病变家族历史的人应该每年进行一次眼科检查。

干性型老年黄斑病变治疗

目前干性型老年黄斑病变没有有效的治疗方法。 但是，医生会让您使用含有硒，锌和维生素A，C和E的补品来减缓疾病的进展。

湿性老年黄斑病变治疗

眼内药物注射,激光光凝疗法,手术治疗

Macular degeneration is a common eye disorder among people over 50. It causes blurred or reduced central vision, due to thinning of the macula, the part of the retina responsible for clear vision in your direct line of sight.

Symptoms

Macular degeneration symptoms usually develop gradually and without pain. They may include:

  • Visual distortions, such as straight lines seeming bent
  • Reduced central vision in one or both eyes
  • The need for brighter light when reading or doing close-up work
  • Increased difficulty adapting to low light levels, such as when entering a dimly lit restaurant
  • Increased blurriness of printed words
  • Decreased intensity or brightness of colors
  • Difficulty recognizing faces
  • A well-defined blurry spot or blind spot in your field of vision

There are two types of AMD: “dry” and “wet.” Dry AMD, the most common type, progresses gradually and usually causes only mild visual impairment. But it can progress to a more advanced stage of dry AMD — or develop into wet AMD.

Dry AMD treatment

Right now, there is no way to treat the dry form of AMD. However, people with lots of drusen or serious vision loss might benefit from taking a certain combination of nutritional supplements. A large study (AREDS and the later AREDS 2 study) found people with certain drusen may slow their dry AMD by taking these vitamins and minerals daily:

  • Vitamin C (500 mg)
  • Vitamin E (400 IU)
  • Lutein (10 mg)
  • Zeaxanthin (2 mg)
  • Zinc (80 mg)
  • Copper (2 mg)

Eye-healthy foods

Dark leafy greens, yellow fruits and vegetables, fish, and a balanced, nutrient-rich diet have been shown beneficial for people with AMD.

Wet AMD treatment

To help treat wet AMD, there are medications called anti-VEGF drugs. Anti-VEGF treatment helps reduce the number of abnormal blood vessels in your retina. It also slows any leaking from blood vessels. This medicine is delivered to your eye through a very slender needle.

Laser surgery may also be used to treat some types of wet AMD. Your eye surgeon shines a laser light beam on the abnormal blood vessels. This reduces the number of vessels and slows their leaking.

 

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